1.3b write balanced equations (full and ionic) for simple reactions, including the use of state symbols

An important principle in chemical reactions is that matter cannot be created or destroyed. Therefore it is important that symbol equations are balanced.
A balanced equation has the same number of each type of atom of each side of the equation.
eg.
unbalanced: Na + Cl2 --> NaCl
balanced: 2Na + Cl2 --> 2NaCl
This shows that two moles of sodium react with one mole of chlorine to make two moles of sodium chloride.

Equations containing ions should have the same overall charge on each side in order to be balanced. This can be achieved by balancing in the normal way.
eg.
unbalanced: Ca2+ + Cl- --> CaCl2
(overall charge of +1 --> overall charge of 0)
balanced: Ca2+ + 2Cl- --> CaCl2
(overall charge of 0 --> overall charge of 0)

State symbols are letters that are added to a formula to indicate what state each reactant and product is in. The four state symbols are: s, solid; l, liquid; g, gas; aq, aqueous
These are added after the formula in brackets and subscript.
eg. 2H2(g) + O2(g) --> 2H2O(g)

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IONIC EQUATIONS
Turning a word equation into a symbol equation, adding state symbols, and balancing (charges are in bold and italic):
iron (II) sulphate + sodium hydroxide --> iron (II) hydroxide + sodium sulphate
Fe2+SO42- + Na+OH- --> Fe2+OH- + Na+SO42-
FeSO4 + NaOH --> Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4
FeSO4 + 2NaOH --> Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4
FeSO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) --> Fe(OH)2(s) + Na2SO4(aq)
Turning everything into an ionic equation:
Fe2+(aq)SO42-(aq) + 2Na+(aq)2OH-(aq) --> Fe2+(s)2OH-(s)+ 2Na+(aq)SO42-(aq)
Remove spectator ions (ions which did not change):
Fe2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) --> Fe2+(OH-)2(s)

A step-by-step breakdown of how to write an ionic equation:
1. write the word equation out as a symbol equation
2. add charges
3. balance the equation
4. add state symbols (remember your solubility rules)
5. separate the ions
6. remove spectator ions
7. rewrite and "tidy up" the equation
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS
They were supposed to be from pg. 82 of the student workbook but the document was not included.