1.6.1b describe the formation of ions in terms of electron loss or gain AND 1.6.1c draw electron configuration diagrams of cations and anions using dots or crosses to represent electrons AND 1.6.1e describe ionic bonding as the result of strong net electrostatic attraction between ions

IONIC BONDING 
- ionic bonds form between a metal and a non-metal
- ionic bonding is the complete transfer of electrons between positive and negative ions. The positive ion transfers electrons to the negative ion to empty its outer shell and become stable, forming a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions.

You should know:
- that cations are ions that have lost electrons and that anions have gained electrons
- how to draw electronic configuration diagrams of cations and anions using dots or crosses to represent electrons
- to describe ionic bonding as the result of strong net electrostatic attraction between ions
- that the melting point of ionic substances is higher the stronger the bond and why
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1.i) Name the type of bonding in magnesium chloride.

ii) Draw a diagram (using dots or crosses) to show the bonding in magnesium chloride. Include all of the electrons and the charges present.








iii) Suggest why the melting temperature of magnesium oxide is higher than that of magnesium chloride, even though both are almost 100% ionic.
Magnesium chloride has an equation of MgCl2, as Mg has a charge of 2+ and Cl has a charge of 1-. Magnesium oxide has the equation MgO, as O has a charge of 2-. Therefore, MgCl2 has two individual sets of bonds, while MgO only has one with two pairs within it. This means that MgO has a higher melting point, as more energy is required to break the bond, as it has stronger electrostatic attraction.

2. The bonding in magnesium oxide, MgO, is:
- ionic
- metallic and ionic
- ionic and covalent
- metallic and covalent

3. Element R is in group 1 of the periodic table and element T is in group 6. R and T are not symbols for the elements.
i) The compound of R and T will have the formula:
- RT
- RT6
- RT2
- R2T

ii) The compound of R and T will have bonding which is predominantly:
- ionic
- covalent
- dative covalent
- metallic

iii) In terms of its electrical conductivity, the compound of R and T will:
- conduct when solid and liquid
- conduct when solid but not when liquid
- conduct when liquid but not when solid
- not conduct when solid or liquid