2.11f: describe the mechanisms of the substitution reactions of halogenoalkanes and recall those in 1.7.2e and 1.7.3e

free radical substitution of chlorine:

• initiation
• Cl2 → Cl- + Cl-
• propagation
• C4H10 + Cl- → C4H9- + HCl
• C4H9- + Cl2 → C4H9Cl + Cl-
• termination
• Cl- + Cl- → Cl2
• C4H9- + Cl- → C4H9Cl
• C4H9- + C4H9- → C8H18

electrophilic addition of bromine and hydrogen bromide to ethene:

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electrophilic addition of hydrogen bromide to propene:

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