Halogenoalkanes:
- general formula: CnH2n+X (where X is a halogen)
- polar molecules with a polar C-X bond (different electronegativities)
- electronegativity and polarity decreases down the group
- solubility:
- only sparingly soluble in water, at best, because they are not polar enough to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules
- much more soluble in a water/ethanol mixture because they are able to bond with the ethanol chains
- flammability:
- decreases as the number of halogen atoms increases
- density:
- increases with the number and mass of halogen atoms
- boiling points:
- the longer the chain, the higher the boiling point, as van der Waals forces get stronger
Primary, secondary, and tertiary halogenoalkanes:
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