2.7.1h: demonstrate an understanding of how to minimise the sources of measurement uncertainty in volumetric analysis and estimate the overall uncertainty in the calculated result

Analogue devices (eg. syringe, thermometer, measuring cylinder) and digital devices (eg. pH probes, digital thermometers, balances) have uncertainties equal to half the smallest scale division

• eg. a thermometer has a 0.5°C scale division, so has a +/- 0.25°C uncertainty

Percentage uncertainty = absolute uncertainty/measured value x 100

Absolute uncertainty = percentage uncertainty x final value/100

Error = accepted value - experimental value

Percentage error = accepted value - experimental value/accepted value x 100