2.10.2d: describe the typical behaviour of halogenoalkanes. This will be limited to treatment with: (i) aqueous alkali, eg KOH (aq) (ii) alcoholic potassium hydroxide (iii) water containing dissolved silver nitrate (iv) alcoholic ammonia

HALOGENOALKANES + AQUEOUS ALKALI

Substitution:

• C3H7Br + KOH → C3H7OH + KBr
• INSERT MECHANISM HERE

Elimination:

• C3H7Br + KOH → C3H6 + KBr + H2O
• INSERT MECHANISM HERE

HALOGENOALKANES + ALCOHOLIC POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

HALOGENOALKANES + SILVER NITRATE

Used to test for halides

• AgCl = white precipitate
• AgBr = cream precipitate
• AgI = pale yellow precipitate

HALOGENOALKANES + ALCOHOLIC AMMONIA

INSERT MECHANISM HERE